Conditional Sentence

Conditional Sentences


A conditional sentence is a complex sentence expressing a result which is expected from a condition. The condition is stated in a clause which generally begins with the word (/, and the result is expressed in the main clause. The result expected can be real or unreal.

•Masih bisa terjadi (possible)
•Tak terpenuhi / angan-angan (unreal /probable) dan
•Tidak terwujud (imposible)

Ada tiga type conditional sentence yaitu :

•Type I: Future conditional yang menyatakan suatu keinginan, harapan, ataupun rencana yang masih BISA TERJADI / when we are thinking about possibilities.

Rumus :

IF + S + V1, S + will +V1

Example :
If I pass the exam I will continue to university

Faktanya :
Maybe I pass the exam, if I study hard.
(Saya mungkin sekali lulus ujian kalau saya belajar keras)
.
•Type II : Present conditional, yang menyatakan suatu keinginan, harapan ataupun rencana yang tak terpenuhi / angan-angan ( unreal) or when we imagine a situation.

Rumus :

IF + S + V2, S + would + V1

Example :
If I passed the exam, I would continue to university

Faktanya:
I do not pass the exam now.
(Saya tidak lulus ujian sekarang jadi saya tidak melanjutkan ke universitas.)






Note:
In type II “were “ is used for all subjects

Example :
If I were you, I would continue to university ( but I am not you).

Type II berlawanan dengan fakta sekarang.

•Type III : Past conditional yang menyatakan suatu keinginan, harapan atau rencana yang tidak terwujud ( imposible) or when we imagine a situation based on the facts in the past.

Rumus :

IF + S + had + V3, S + would have + V3

Example:
If I had passed the exam, I would have continued to university

Fakta:
I did not pass the exam then.
(saya tidak lulus saat itu, jadi saya tidak melanjutkan ke universitas)

Note:
Untuk tipe III sering berbentuk inversion (pembalikan posisi).
Subjek 2 kata kerjanya serta tidak menggunakan IF.

Example:
Had I passed the exam, I would have continued to university.

PATTERN:

Type I
IF + S + V1, S + will + V1

Type II
IF + S + V2, S + would + V1

Type III
IF + S + had + V3, S + would have + V3






Contoh Conditional Sentences

Type 1 :

If you send this letter now, she will receive it tomorrow.
If I do this test, I will improve my English.
If I find your ring, I will give it back to you.
Peggy will go shopping if she has time in the afternoon.
Simon will go to London next week if he gets a cheap flight.
If her boyfriend does not phone today, she will leave him.
If they do not study harder, they will not pass the exam.
If it rains tomorrow, I will not have to water the plants.
You will not be able to sleep if you watch this scary film.
Susan cannot move into the new house if it is not ready on time.

Type 2 :

If you had studied for the test, you would have passed it.
If you had asked me, I would have helped you.
If we had gone to the cinema, we would have seen my friend Jacob.
If you had spoken English, she would have understood.
If they had listened to me, we would have been home earlier.
I would have written you a postcard if I had had your address.
If I had not broken my leg, I would have taken part in the contest.
If it had not started to rain, we would have walked to the museum.
We would have swum in the sea if there had not been so many sharks there.
If she had taken the bus, she would not have arrived on time.

Type 3 :

If you had studied for the test, you would have passed it.
If you had asked me, I would have helped you.
If we had gone to the cinema, we would have seen my friend Jacob.
If you had spoken English, she would have understood.
If they had listened to me, we would have been home earlier.
I would have written you a postcard if I had had your address.
If I had not broken my leg, I would have taken part in the contest.
If it had not started to rain, we would have walked to the museum.
We would have swum in the sea if there had not been so many sharks there.
If she had taken the bus, she would not have arrived on time.





Conditional Sentences with If.
Frame 1: Affirmative Main Clause
    MAIN CLAUSE CONDITIONAL CLAUSE
    SUB¬JECT    PREDICATE    IF    SUB¬JECT    PREDICATE
        WILL/ WOULD/ WOULD HAVE ETC,    VERB    OB¬JECT, ETC.            VERB    OBJECT, ETC.
1    I    will    go        if    he    gives    me the money.
2    He    can    pass    the exam    if    he    studies    hard.
3    She    may    come        if    she    isn’t    ill.
4    I    would    go        if    he    gave    me the money.
5    He    should    pass    the exam    if    he    studied    hard.
6    She    might    come        if    she    weren’t    ill.
7    I    would have    gone        if    he    had given    me the money.
8    He    could have    passed    the exam    if    he    had studied    hard.
9    She    might have    come        if    she    hadn’t been    ill.
1. There are three important types of conditional sentences:
a). Future conditional sentences
b). Present conditional sentences
c). Past conditional sentences
a) A future conditional sentence expresses that something mentioned in the if – clause will probably happen or is likely to happen in the present or in the future.
b) A present conditional sentence expresses that something mentioned in the if – clause is unreal or contrary to the fact of the present.
c) A past conditional sentence also states a contrary – to – the -fact condition. It expresses that something mentioned in the if- clause did not occur in the past.
a) In the future conditional sentence the main clause uses will, can, must, may, to be going to. have to, expect to, plus the first form of a verb. The verb in the conditional clause is in the present tense. See sentences 1, 2 and 3 in the frame.
b) In the present conditional sentence the main clause uses would, could, might, was going to, expected to, plus the first form of a verb. The verb in the conditional clause is in the past tense. See sentences 4, 5 and 6 in the frame.
c) In the past conditional sentence the main clause uses would have, could have, might have, plus the third form of a verb. The verb in the conditional clause is in the past perfect tense. See sentences 7, 8 and 9 in the frame. The contracted forms would’ve, could’ve, etc. are often used instead of would have, could have, etc.
2. When the verb in the present conditional sentence is be, were is commonly used for all persons. See sentence 6 in the frame.
Other examples:
(1) I might come if I weren ‘t ill.
(2) You could go if she were here.
(3) They would study if they were students.
3. The verb form used in the contrary – to – fact condition is also called subjunctive.
The conditional clause can follow or precede the main clause.
Examples:
(1) He will come if he gets a car.
(2) I would go if he gave me the book.
(3) We could have invited her if she had been here. or:
(1) If he gets a car, he will come.
(2) If he gave me the book, / would go.
(3) If she had been here, we could have invited her.
4. When the conditional clause precedes the main clause, it is often separated from the main clause by a comma (,).
5. The main clause can be in the affirmative, interrogative (question); or negative form. All the sentences in the above frame have affirmative main clauses. The conditional clause can be affirmative (sentences 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 or negative (sentences 3, 6, 9).
Frame 2: Interrogative Main Clause
    MAIN CLAUSE    CONDITIONAL CLAUSE
    WILL/WOULD ETC.    SUBJECT    VERB    OB¬JECT   
1    Will    you    go        if he gives you the money?
2    Can    he    pass    the exam    if he studies hard?
3    May    she    come        if she isn’t ill?
4    Would    you    go        if he gave you the money?
5    Could    he    pass    the exam    if he studied hard?
6    Might    she    come        if she weren’t ill?